THE ISSUE OF WOMEN'S FREEDOM AND SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS IN 19TH–20TH CENTURY REALISM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF “ANNA KARENINA” AND “O‘TKAN KUNLAR”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/ydif-y2026v2i17/n25Keywords:
realism, women's freedom, social constraints, patriarchal relations, marriage, gender norms, *Anna Karenina*, Kumush, Zaynab, comparative analysis.Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the conflict between women's freedom, the institution of marriage, social norms, familial pressure, and personal choice as depicted in Leo Tolstoy’s *Anna Karenina* and Abdulla Qodiriy’s *O‘tkan Kunlar* (Days Gone By). The study demonstrates that the intersection of a woman's destiny with the moral and patriarchal orders of society serves as a crucial link between 19th-century Russian realism and early 20th-century Uzbek realistic prose. Through the characters of Anna, Kumush, and Zaynab, the paper explores the artistic portrayal of women's emotional choices, their legal and social status within marriage, and the impact of public judgment. Ultimately, the analysis establishes that the tragedy in both works is not merely the result of individual error but also a consequence of an environment that restricts women's freedom.
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