BUYUK IPAK YO‘LI ORQALI QOG‘OZNING MARKAZIY OSIYOGA TARQALISHI VA SAMARQAND QOG‘OZCHILIGINING SHAKLLANISHI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/ydif-y2026v2i19/n13Kalit so‘zlar:
Buyuk Ipak yo‘li; Dunxuan; Gansu; Tarim havzasi; sug‘diy maktublar; Talas jangi; Samarqand qog‘ozi; qog‘ozchilik texnologiyasi.Annotasiya
Maqolada Buyuk Ipak yo‘li orqali qog‘ozning Xitoyning ichki hududlaridan Gansu–Dunxuan yo‘lagi, Tarim havzasi va So‘g‘d vohalari orqali g‘arbga tarqalishining tarixiy bosqichlari o‘rganiladi. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi tayyor qog‘oz muomalasi bilan mahalliy qog‘ozchilik texnologiyasining shakllanishini farqlash hamda Samarqandning mintaqaviy ishlab chiqarish markaziga aylanishini manbalar asosida izohlashdir. Tarixiy-qiyosiy, manbashunoslik va arxeometrik tadqiqotlar natijalarini umumlashtirish usullari qo‘llandi. Dunxuan hududidan topilgan IV asr boshlariga oid sug‘diy maktublar qog‘ozning savdo va xususiy yozishmalarda 751-yildan ancha avval qo‘llanganini ko‘rsatadi. Qog‘oz tolalariga oid zamonaviy tahlillar mato chiqindilari va po‘stloq tolalaridan foydalanish parallel rivojlanganini tasdiqlaydi. X asrga oid yozma ma’lumotlar Samarqand qog‘ozining mintaqalararo shuhratidan dalolat beradi. Tadqiqotda Talas jangini qog‘oz ishlab chiqarishning yagona boshlang‘ich nuqtasi deb talqin qilish tarixiy jihatdan yetarli emasligi asoslanadi. Shuningdek, qog‘ozga bo‘lgan talabning davlat boshqaruvi, diniy qo‘lyozmachilik va savdo aloqalari ta’sirida ortgani ko‘rsatiladi. Samarqand qog‘ozchiligi uzoq muddatli texnologik moslashuv va hunarmandchilik tajribasining natijasi sifatida baholanadi. Shuningdek, tarixiy ma’lumotlarning ishonchliligi va arxeologik dalillarning chegaralari alohida baholanadi.
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