FROM FEATURE TO SYMBOL: THE FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC POTENTIAL OF ENGLISH ADJECTIVES WITH THE -LY SUFFIX

Abstract

This article examines the -ly suffix in English from the perspective of word formation and symbolic semantics. It examines the functioning of the -ly suffix in the adjective's word-formation system, its productivity, origin, and semantic characteristics. Using English adjectives with the -ly suffix, it analyzes the development of additional meanings beyond the direct nomination of the feature. Particular attention is paid to the ability of these adjectives to contribute to the formation of symbolic meaning in literary texts. It is shown that words such as heavenly, earthly, ghostly, saintly, lonely, and homely can act as linguistic representatives of cultural, emotional, and philosophical concepts related to spirituality, the material world, loneliness, moral perfection, and the home. It is concluded that the suffix -ly performs not only a word-formation function but also an important semantic-symbolic function, contributing to the creation of imagery and deepening the semantic structure of a work of art.