NEONATAL DAVRDA TIBBIY MUOLAJALAR VAQTIDA OG‘RIQ VA UNING ASAB TIZIMIGA UZOQ MUDDATLI TA’SIRI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47390/ydif-y2026v2i18/n39Kalit so‘zlar:
neonatal og‘riq; muolajaga bog‘liq og‘riq; neonatal intensiv terapiya bo‘limi; neyro-rivojlanish; HPA o‘qi; muddatidan oldin tug‘ilgan chaqaloqlar.Annotasiya
Neonatal intensiv terapiya sohasidagi yutuqlar muddatidan oldin tug‘ilgan va og‘ir ahvoldagi yangi tug‘ilgan chaqaloqlarning yashab qolish ko‘rsatkichlarini sezilarli darajada yaxshilagan. Biroq yashab qolish ko‘pincha miyaning jadal rivojlanish davrida invaziv va og‘riq chaqiruvchi tibbiy muolajalarga takroran duch kelish bilan kechadi. Mazkur sharh maqolasida neonatal davrdagi muolajalar bilan bog‘liq og‘riq hamda uning rivojlanayotgan asab tizimiga uzoq muddatli ta’siri bo‘yicha klinik va translatsion tadqiqotlar natijalari umumlashtirilgan. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, yangi tug‘ilgan chaqaloqlar, jumladan, o‘ta muddatidan oldin tug‘ilgan chaqaloqlar ham og‘riqni sezish uchun zarur bo‘lgan nerv tuzilmalariga ega. Biroq ularda og‘riqni pastga yo‘nalgan tarzda tormozlovchi nerv mexanizmlari hali to‘liq shakllanmagan bo‘ladi. Shu sababli ular og‘riqli ta’sirlarga nisbatan yuqori darajada zaif hisoblanadi. Neonatal intensiv terapiya bo‘limida (NICU) muolajalar natijasida to‘planib boruvchi og‘riqli ta’sirlar miyaning mikrostrukturaviy o‘zgarishlari, gipotalamus-gipofiz-buyrak usti bezlari (HPA) o‘qi faoliyatining buzilishi, kortizol reaksiyasining susayishi yoki haddan tashqari sezgirlanishi, shuningdek, keyingi hayot davrida og‘riq sezuvchanligi, diqqat-e’tibor hamda ijtimoiy-emotsional rivojlanishdagi o‘zgarishlar bilan bog‘liqligi aniqlangan. Og‘riqni kamaytirishga qaratilgan farmakologik bo‘lmagan usullar, jumladan, og‘iz orqali saxaroza berish, oziqlantirmaydigan emish, «kenguru usuli» (teri-teriga kontakt) va ona suti berish qisqa muddatli analgezik ta’sir bo‘yicha izchil ijobiy natijalarni ko‘rsatadi. Farmakologik yondashuvlar esa foyda va xavf nisbatini yanada murakkab baholashni talab qiladi. Xulosa qilib aytganda, og‘riqni tizimli ravishda baholash hamda multimodal, dalillarga asoslangan og‘riqsizlantirish usullaridan foydalanish neonatal tibbiy yordamning standart tarkibiy qismi sifatida qaralishi lozim. Shu bilan birga, neonatal davrdagi og‘riqning uzoq muddatli oqibatlariga olib keluvchi sababiy mexanizmlar hali to‘liq o‘rganilmaganligini ham hisobga olish zarur.
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